Biology

Biology Experiments

• Junior Certificate Science Experiments for Biology

  Test food for Starch
  Test a food for sugar
  Test a food for fat
  Test a food for protein
  Convert Chemical energy in food into heat energy
  The action of enzyme amylase
  CO₂ levels in inhaled and exhaled air

  To show that starch is produced in plants
  Conditions Necessary for germination
  Phototropism: To Show the Growth Response of a Plant to Light
  Diffusion
  Osmosis

• Testing for Biochemicals

  Biuret Test for Protein
  Benedict Test for Reducing Sugars
  Benedict Test for Non-Reducing Sugars
  Indophenol Test for Vitamin C

  Iodine Test for Starch
  Test for starch in leaf
  Alcohol Emulsion Test
  Lipids (Fats and Oils) Test

  Amylase Iodine Test
  Amylase Benedict Test

Biology for Key Stage 3

• Food Chains

  Food Chains & Food Webs
  Food Chain
  Food Webs
  Energy transfer in chains and webs
  Energy from food used for respiration
  Energy Pyramids

• Plants & Plant Growth

  Plants
  Plants and Light
  Plants and Responses
  Growing Plants and Fair Test
  Growing Water Cress (fair test)
  Warming Up (fair test)
  Red Squirrel Population
  
  Plant Growth
  Plant growth rates
  Plant growth and photosynthesis
  Plant growth results
  Conditions For Growth in Plants
  
  Plant Nutrients
  Plant nutrients and CO₂
  Effect of CO₂ concentration on plant biomass
  Oxygen production by photosynthesis
  Plant stress

• Cells & Cell Growth

  Cell Structures
  Onion cells and Cheek cells
  Cells - Model of animal cell
  Cells - Plant cell structure
  Function of the Cell membrane
  
  Cell Growth
  Cells and growth
  Cells and Reproduction
  Cell growth rate
  Cells - Yeast growth and the nucleus
  Growing skin cells

• Reproduction

  Plant Reproduction
  Reproduction - fertilisation
  Reproduction in plants
  Self and cross pollination
  Reproduction - pollination of apple trees
  Reproduction pollen tubes in plants
  
  Seeds Dispersal
  Wind, Water, Animals, Self
  
  Asexual Reproduction

• Nutrition, Digestion, Respiration

  Human Nutrition
  
  Human Digestion
  Saliva and gastric juices
  Digestion after the stomach
  Digestion - breaking down complex molecules
  Feeding Habits
  Energy used by knotweed
  Energy in food
  
  Respiration
  Respiration Products
  Respiration equation
  Respiration and lack of oxygen
  Respiration in Cells
  Respiration - Efficiency of horses

• Microbes & Infection

  Microbes
  Microbes and washing hands
  Size of Microbes
  Growth rate of microbes
  Prevention of infection during operations
  Microbes sterilization - Control of infection in operating theatre
  Microbes and spots on your face

• Muscles & Movement

  Muscles
  Sensitivity
  Muscles and Movement
  Muscle Response

IGCSE Biology

The following lessons cover some of the topics for the Edexcel IGCSE Biology

• The Nature & Variety of Living Organism

  Characteristics of living organism
  Variety of living organism
  Pathogens: fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.

• Cell Structure

  Levels of Organisation
  Cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
  Describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
  Describe the differences between plant and animal cells.

• Biological Molecules

  The chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
  Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugar; protein from amino acids; lipid from fatty acids and glycerol
  Describe the tests for glucose and starch
  
  The role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
  How the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in temperature
  How the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in pH

• Movement of substances into and out of cell

  Definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport
  The movement of substances into and out of cells can be by diffusion, osmosis and active transport
  
  The importance in plants of turgid cells as a means of support. The factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient

• Nutrition in Flowering Plants

  Photosynthesis and understand its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
  The word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis
  Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
  How the structure of the leaf is adapted for photosynthesis
  
  Plants require mineral ions for growth, magnesium ions for chlorophyll and nitrate ions for amino acids

• Nutrition in Humans

  A balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of
  carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre
  Sources and functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, and the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet
  
  The process of respiration releases energy in living organisms
  Describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
  The word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms
  The word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals

• Human Respiration

  Thorax structure
  Ventilation
  Alveoli adaptations
  Biological effects of smoking

• Transport

  Diffusion in unicellular organisms
  Transport systems in multicellular organisms

• Blood & the Heart

  Composition of Blood
  Role of Plasma
  Red Blood Cells
  
  Phagocytosis
  Lymphocytes
  Vaccination
  Clotting
  
  Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
  The heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
  Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles
  The general plan of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys.

• Flowering Plants

  Coordination and Response in Flowering plants
  Understand that plants respond to stimuli
  Describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems
  Describe positive phototropism of stem
  
  Reproduction in Flowering Plants
  Describe the structures of an insect-pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower and explain how each is adapted for pollination
  The growth of the pollen tube followed by fertilisation leads to seed and fruit formation
  
  How germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry
  out photosynthesis
  Plants can reproduce asexually by by natural methods (illustrated by runners) and by artificial methods (illustrated by cuttings)

• Organism in the Environment

  The Organism in the Environment
  Population, community, habitat and ecosystem
  Use of quadrats to estimate the population size of an organism in two different
  areas
  Describe the use of quadrats as a technique for sampling the distribution of organisms in their habitats.
  
  Feeding Relationships
  Names given to different trophic levels to include producers, primary, secondary
  and tertiary consumers and decomposers
  
  The concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer
  The transfer of substances and of energy along a food chain
  Why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

• Cycles within Ecosystems

  The stages in the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration,
  condensation and precipitation
  The stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis,
  decomposition and combustion
  The stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (specific names of bacteria are not required)

• Human influences on the environment

  The biological consequences of pollution of air by sulfur dioxide and by carbon
  monoxide
  Water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs are greenhouse
  gases
  How human activities contribute to greenhouse gases
  How an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced greenhouse effect
  and that this may lead to global warming and its consequences
  
  The biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage including increases in the number of microorganisms causing depletion of oxygen
  Eutrophication can result from leached minerals from fertiliser
  The effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion, disturbance of the
  water cycle and of the balance in atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Use of Biological Resources

  Food Production
  How glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of
  certain crops
  The effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses
  The use of fertiliser to increase crop yield
  
  Beer Production
  The role of bacteria (Lactobacillus) in the production of yoghurt
  Industrial fermenter
  Fish Farming
  
  Selective Breeding
  Genetic Modification
  Micropropagation
  Commercial plant growing
  Mammal Cloning
  Cloned transgenic animals

AP Biology

• AP Biology and College Biology

  Biology Introduction
  AP Biology Test: A User Guide
  The Chemical Basis of Life
  Water: A Polar Molecule
  
  The Molecules of Cells
  A Tour of the Cell
  The Cell Membrane
  Enzymes
  
  Cellular Respiration
  Photosynthesis
  Mitosis
  Meiosis
  Mitosis and Meiosis Simulation
  
  Mendelian Genetics
  Chromosomal Inheritance
  Molecular Biology of the Gene
  The Central Dogma: Transcription and Translation
  DNA: Transcription and Translation
  
  Gene Control
  Natural Selection
  Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
  The Origin of Species
  Semester 1 Biology Review
  
  The History of Life
  Radiocarbon Dating
  Classification of Life
  Prokaryotes and Protists
  
  Plant Evolution
  Invertebrate Diversity
  Vertebrate Diversity
  
  Anatomy and Physiology (Intro)
  The Digestive System
  The Respiratory System
  The Immune System
  
  Thermoregulation, Osmoregulation and Excretion
  Endocrine System and Hormones
  Reproductive System
  Nervous System
  The Senses
  
  Plant Structure
  Plant Transport
  Plant Control
  
  The Biosphere
  Behavioral Ecology
  Population Ecology
  Communities and Ecosystems

• AP Biology Labs

  AP Biology Labs: Introduction
  Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis
  Lab 2: Enzyme Catalysis
  Lab 3: Mitosis and Meiosis
  
  Lab 4: Plant Pigments & Photosynthesis
  Lab 5: Cellular Respiration
  Lab 6: Molecular Biology
  Lab 7: Genetics of Drosophila
  
  Lab 8: Population Genetics
  Lab 9: Transpiration
  Lab 10: Physiology of the Circulatory System
  Lab 11: Animal Behavior
  Lab12: Dissolved Oxygen

• Cell Biology

  Action Potentials
  Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
  
  Apoptosis
  ATP Synthase - A Molecular Turbine
  Bacterial Flagellum
  Beating Heart Cell
  
  Breast Cells

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