Required Practicals for Chemistry

GCSE/IGCSE Chemistry
Required Practicals	Chemistry Lessons

Chemistry Experiments (Required Practicals)

Making Salts
Investigate the preparation of pure, dry hydrated copper sulfate crystals starting from copper oxide including the use of a water bath.

Paper Chromatography
Investigate how paper chromatography can be used to separate and tell the difference between coloured substances. Students should calculate R_f values.

Rates of Reaction
Investigate the effects of changing the conditions of a reaction on the rates of chemical reactions by:
a) observing a colour change (in the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid)
b) measuring the production of a gas (in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips)

Temperature Changes
Investigate the variables that affect temperature change in chemical reactions, for example acid plus alkali.

Electrolysis
Investigate what happens when different aqueous solutions are electrolysed using inert electrodes. Examples of solutions are copper chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium sulphate.

Titration
How to accurately calculate the concentration of an acid using titration?

Identify Ions
How to use flame tests and a range chemical tests to analyse a range of ionic compounds.

Water Purification
Analyse a water sample and purify a water sample by distillation

Combustion of Alcohols
Investigate the temperature rise produced in a known mass of water by the combustion of the alcohols ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol.

More Chemistry Practicals

Test for Gases
How to test for Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia and Chlorine?

Neutralisation
To investigate the change in pH when adding powdered calcium hydroxide to a fixed volume of dilute hydrochloric acid.

Errors in Experiments
Variables in a experiment: independent, dependent, controls
Types of errors: random errors, uncertainty, parallax error, systematic error, zero error

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